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Granular synthesis

jMusic can be used to create sound textures based on granular synthesis techniques.
Granular synthesis is a synthesis technique whereby new sonic textures are formed by breaking down existing sound samples
into small (circa 20-50ms) sound granules and then using these granules to build new sounds
For more information on granular synthesis just go to http://zor.org/synthesis - there is an entire online resource there.

jMusic supports both real-time and non-real-time granular synthesis.
Following are examples of both.  Let's first take a quick look at non-real-time granular synthesis.

You will need an audio file called "song1.au" and the GranularInst instrument to run this first example.

Source Code

import jm.JMC;
import jm.music.data.*;
import jm.audio.*;
import jm.util.*;
 
 /**
  * @author Timothy Opie
  * Updated 24/06/2002
  *
  * Non-real-time demo of granular synthesis
  */
 public final class GranulatorTest implements JMC{
	public static void main(String[] args){
		Score score = new Score("JMDemo - Audio test");
		Part part = new Part("wave", 0); 
		Phrase phr = new Phrase(0.0);
		int sampleRate = 44100;
            int bufferSize = sampleRate/4;
 
		// All you need to do is set a sound file (in .au format), 
		// and a buffersize!
		GranularInst inst = new GranularInst("song1.au", bufferSize);
 
		Note note = new Note(A4, 4.0); //about 44O Hz
		phr.addNote(note);
		part.addPhrase(phr);
		score.addPart(part);
		Write.au(score, "GranularTest.au", inst); 
    }
}

OK, that was kind of boring. Lets look at real-time granular synthesis:

This consists of 2 files. A main file, and an RTLine file.

You will need an audio file called "song1.au" and the GranularInstRT instrument to run this second example.

Lets look at the main file first:

Source Code

// This example uses Java Sliders to control the granular process.
import jm.JMC;
import jm.music.data.*;
import jm.audio.*;
import jm.audio.synth.Granulator;
import jm.util.*;
import jm.audio.RTMixer;
import jm.music.rt.RTLine;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * Real-time Granulator sample
 * Made using JSliders.
 *
 * A more complex version of this instrument has been written using
 * MIDI control. It was used for the Poseidon - a Granular Texture Controlling Fish -
 * in the REV concert at the Brisbane Powerhouse. More information on this, and on
 * Granular Synthesis can be obtained at: http://zor.org/synthesis
 *
 * This file is used in conjunction with RTSliderGrainLine  
 *
 * Author: Timothy Opie
 * Latest Update: 24/06/2002
 * Designed to function with jMusic designed by
 * Andrew Sorensen and Andrew R. Brown
 */
 
 
public final class RTSliderGrainmaker implements JMC,ChangeListener,ActionListener {
    private RTMixer mixer;
    private RTSliderGrainLine grain;
    private JSlider duration, density, volume;
    private JToggleButton asyn;
    private int sampleRate = 44100;
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
        new RTSliderGrainmaker();
    }
    
    private GranularInst rtGranularInst;
    
    public RTSliderGrainmaker(){
        
        int channels = 2;
        double controlRate = 0.25;
        int bufferSize = (int)((sampleRate*channels) *controlRate);
        
        Instrument[] instArray = new Instrument[1];
        for(int i=0;i<instArray.length;i++){
            instArray[i] = new GranularInst("song1.au",bufferSize);
        }
        rtGranularInst = (GranularInst) instArray[0];
        grain = new RTSliderGrainLine(instArray, controlRate, bufferSize);
        RTLine[] lineArray = {grain};
        mixer = new RTMixer(lineArray, bufferSize, sampleRate, channels, controlRate);
        mixer.begin();
        makeGUI();
    }
 
// this is where the sliders are set up!
 
    private void makeGUI(){
        JFrame f = new JFrame("Granular Synthesis");
        f.setSize(370, 180);
        JPanel pan = new JPanel();
        f.getContentPane().add(pan);
        //grainduration
        duration = new JSlider(0,10,60,30);
        duration.addChangeListener(this);
        pan.add(duration);
        JLabel val=new JLabel("Grain Duration");
        pan.add(val);
        
        // Grain Density
        density = new JSlider(0,5,120,60);
        density.addChangeListener(this);
        pan.add(density);
        JLabel val2=new JLabel("Grains per second");
        pan.add(val2);
        
        // Grain Volume
        volume = new JSlider(0,0,20,10);
        volume.addChangeListener(this);
        pan.add(volume);
        JLabel val3=new JLabel("Grain Volume");
        pan.add(val3);
        
        asyn = new JToggleButton("A/Syncronicity toggle");
        asyn.addActionListener(this);
        pan.add(asyn);
        
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
    
// This section sends the values of the sliders to the RTLine
 
    public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e){
        if(e.getSource() == duration) {
            mixer.actionLines(duration, 1);
        }
        if(e.getSource() == density) {
            mixer.actionLines(density, 2);
        }
        if(e.getSource() == volume) {
            mixer.actionLines(volume, 3);
        }
    }
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        if(e.getSource() == asyn){
            mixer.actionLines(asyn, 4);
        }
    }
}

Now lets look at the RTLine file:

Source Code

/**
 * Real-time Granulator Line
 * Author: Timothy Opie
 * Latest Update: 24/06/2002
 * Designed to function with jMusic designed by
 * Andrew Sorensen and Andrew R. Brown
 */
 
import jm.music.rt.RTLine;
import jm.audio.Instrument;
import jm.music.data.Note;
import javax.swing.*;
 
public class RTSliderGrainLine extends RTLine {
    private Note n = new Note(72, 1000.0);
    private int pitch = 72;
    private int dynamic = 100;
    private GranularInst[] inst;
    private boolean asyn = false;
    
    // Constructor
    public RTSliderGrainLine(Instrument[] instArray, 
	double controlRate, int bufferSize) {
        super(instArray, controlRate, bufferSize);
        inst = new GranularInst[instArray.length];
        for (int i=0; i<instArray.length; i++) {
            inst[i] = (GranularInst)instArray[i];
        }
    }
    
    public synchronized Note getNote(){
        n.setPitch(pitch);
        n.setDynamic(dynamic);
        return n;
    }
    
    // added for control change
//This is the section that converts the JSlider information into numbers that
//can be understood by the Granulator Audio Object.
        public synchronized void externalAction(Object obj, int actionNumber){
        
        if(actionNumber == 1){ // grain duration
            JSlider slider = (JSlider)obj;
            int duration = (slider.getValue()* (44100/1000));
            // propgate to all instruments
            for(int i=0;i<inst.length;i++){
                inst[i].setGrainDuration(duration);
            }
        }        
        if(actionNumber == 2){ // Grain Density
            JSlider slider = (JSlider)obj;
            int length = slider.getValue();
            // propgate to all instruments
            for(int i=0;i<inst.length;i++){
                inst[i].setGrainsPerSecond(length);
            }
        }
        if(actionNumber == 3){ // Grain Volume
            JSlider slider = (JSlider)obj;
            float vol = (float)slider.getValue();
            // propgate to all instruments
            for(int i=0;i<inst.length;i++){
                inst[i].setVolume(vol);
            }
        }
        if(actionNumber == 4){ //toggle A/Syncronicity
            if(asyn == true) asyn=false;
            else asyn=true;
            for(int i=0;i<inst.length;i++){
                inst[i].setRandomIndex(asyn);
            }
        }
    }
}

Enjoy :)
 

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